![]() Poor alignment of joined optical fiber cores causes a connector/splice optical loss.Ī connector/splice optical loss occurs due to an axial run-out (improper cut angles) between the optical fibers to be joined. There are four main causes of optical loss mostly caused by: 1. Improper alignment where the optical fibers are not perfectly aligned will result in part of the light to be loss through the bad junction. The primary specification for connectors or splices is loss or the amount of light lost in the connection. When joining optical fibers, it is critical for the opposed cores to be properly aligned. Mechanical splicing has a low initial investment, but costs more per splice. Mechanical splices are simply alignment devices, designed to hold the two fiber ends in a precisely aligned position thus enabling light to pass from one fiber into the other. Fusion splicing is lower per connection however, the initial investment is much higher. Typically, the reason for choosing one method over the other is economics. Splices are “permanent” connections between two fibers. There are two methods of fiber optic splicing, fusion splicing & mechanical splicing. The three types of fiber glass are shown hereĬommonly used connectors are shown in the table below. Several layers of protective sheathing, depending on the application, are added to form the cable. This prevents the light from one fiber from leaking through to another. To prevent “cross-talk” between the fibers, sometimes they are encased in dark, light absorbing materials. Protective sheathing is added for protection, depending on the application. Individual coated fibers (or fibers formed into ribbons or bundles) then have a tough resin buffer layer and/or core tube(s) extruded around them to form the cable core. These consists of a core and a cladding layer, selected for total internal reflection due to the difference in the refractive index between the two. It is the optical fibers in the fiber optic cables that carry the light, and allow information to be transmitted. The cables may be connected to communications equipment and patch panels, providing any necessary physical connection. Finally, a protective outer coating seals the cables from the elements. The fiber optic cables have a glass core covered with cladding, coatings, and, typically, Kevlar membranes to add strength. They may be used to convey voice, video and data. Fiber optic cable transmit information as light pulses, rather than the electrical impulses used by traditional wire cables.
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